Rosemary Prentice

The Exchange of Goods and Services 

   AOAT 368
in Pre-Sargonic Lagash    ISBN 978-3-86835-033-3
   xiv + 238 pp.
   2010
   
   78,- EUR

 

The study of Rosemary Prentice examines the data provided by c.1800 cuneiform tablets which appear to have belonged to the archive of an institution called e2-MI2 "house of the woman", i.e. "household of the ruler’s wife", located in Girsu, in the city-state of Lagash. They document the various transactions and economic activities of that institution over a period of approximately twenty years during the latter years of the Early Dynastic period during the rule of Enentarzi, of Lugalanda, and  of UruKAgina. After one year as ensi (the title used by his two predecessors) UruKAgina adopted the title lugal and the e2-MI2 was renamed the e2-dba-U2 -- the goddess Bau was the consort of Ningirsu, the patron god of Lagash. Despite the change in name, the archive appears to reflect a continuity in the administration. The archive of the e2-MI2 / dba-U2 is the largest early assemblage of accounts and records of transactions currently available from southern Mesopotamia and thus provides both a suitable and a sufficient documentation for an investigation of the exchange of goods and services. The unity of time and place provides an opportunity to take advantage of a large number of documents encapsulated in its own world and to derive an understanding of the working of an institution based on their own internal context. The texts bear witness of and the study provides new insight  in the redistribution of barley rations and the reciprocity of gifts and return gifts, aspects intensively debated within Assyriology.

  Introduction

    1

 

    

 

 

  Redistribution

  13

 

  Redistribution in the e2-MI2/dba-U2

  17

 

  Barley rations for the igi-nu-du8, il2, ša3-dub e2-gal, ša3-dub-didli (Type 2)

  22

 

  Barley rations for the geme2-dumu (Type 3)

  52

 

  Barley ration lists of Type 2 and Type 3 combined

  64

 

  Barley rations for the lu2-šuku-dab5-ba (Type 1)

  69

 

  Wool rations

  82

 

  A brief summary of redistribution in the e2-MI2/dba-U2

  90

 

  Redistribution: sustenance or payment?

  91

 

     

 

 

  Commercial exchange

  97

 

  Commercial exchange in the e2-MI2/dba-U2

  99

 

  External exchange

100

 

  Products of exchange

106

 

  Discussion

114

 

  Fish and Onions

125

 

  Internal exchange

129

 

  Price as compensation?

146

 

  Summary of the evidence for commercial exchange

148

 

  Silver

150

 

    

 

 

  Reciprocity

153

 

  Reciprocity and the e2-MI2/dba-U2

159

 

  Internal reciprocity

172

 

  Reciprocity as a mode of exchange

198

 

    

 

 

  Summary and conclusions

205

 

      

 

 

  Abbreviations

215

 

  References cited

219

 

  Index

233